Volume 6, Issue 4 (Vol 6, No 4 (22)- In Press 2026)
2026, 6(4): 674-687 |
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Aalampour A, Ghazanfari A, Pirbalouti M G. (2026). The Effectiveness of the Philosophy for Children Program on Cognitive Flexibility, Problem-Solving Styles, and Interpersonal Relationships in Orphaned and Neglected Children. Journal of Childhood Health and Education. 6(4), 674-687. doi:10.32598/JECHE.6.4.462.1
URL: http://jeche.ir/article-1-409-en.html
URL: http://jeche.ir/article-1-409-en.html
1- Department of Psychology, Shk.c.,Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
Abstract: (233 Views)
Background and Aim Orphaned and neglected children are more vulnerable to psychological injuries than their peers due to lack of access to vital support resources, especially parental support. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the philosophy for children (P4C) program in improving problem-solving styles, cognitive flexibility, and interpersonal relationships in orphaned and neglected children.
Research Methods This research employed a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test, including one experimental group and one control group. The statistical population consisted of all children residing in child welfare centers for orphaned and neglected children in Alborz Province in 2024. From this population, 30 children were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The research instruments included the Problem-Solving Styles Questionnaire (1996), the Interpersonal Communication Skills Questionnaire (2013) and the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (2010). The experimental group received twelve one-hour sessions of philosophy for children training, while the control group received no intervention. Both groups completed the research questionnaire at both pre-test and post-test stages. To analyze the data, SPSS software, version 26 was used. For examining the research assumptions, the Shapiro-Wilk test, homogeneity of variances, and homogeneity of regression slopes were employed. To test the research hypotheses, the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was utilized.
Results The philosophy for children program significantly improved problem-solving styles, cognitive flexibility, and interpersonal relationships in orphaned and neglected children.
Conclusion The Philosophy for Children program can be considered an effective educational intervention for enhancing problem-solving styles, cognitive flexibility, and interpersonal relationships in orphaned and neglected children.
Research Methods This research employed a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test, including one experimental group and one control group. The statistical population consisted of all children residing in child welfare centers for orphaned and neglected children in Alborz Province in 2024. From this population, 30 children were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The research instruments included the Problem-Solving Styles Questionnaire (1996), the Interpersonal Communication Skills Questionnaire (2013) and the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (2010). The experimental group received twelve one-hour sessions of philosophy for children training, while the control group received no intervention. Both groups completed the research questionnaire at both pre-test and post-test stages. To analyze the data, SPSS software, version 26 was used. For examining the research assumptions, the Shapiro-Wilk test, homogeneity of variances, and homogeneity of regression slopes were employed. To test the research hypotheses, the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was utilized.
Results The philosophy for children program significantly improved problem-solving styles, cognitive flexibility, and interpersonal relationships in orphaned and neglected children.
Conclusion The Philosophy for Children program can be considered an effective educational intervention for enhancing problem-solving styles, cognitive flexibility, and interpersonal relationships in orphaned and neglected children.
Keywords: Cognitive flexibility, Interpersonal relationships, Philosophy for children program, Problem-solving styles
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2026/02/2 | Accepted: 2026/01/3 | Published: 2026/01/3
Received: 2026/02/2 | Accepted: 2026/01/3 | Published: 2026/01/3
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